超音波導引攝護腺切片檢查須知(Information on Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy)
【Learning Points】
- Learn to use a blood glucose machine to test yourself to ensure your blood sugar levels are within the normal range.
- Understand the role of urine ketone testing in diabetes management, especially in the presence of nausea, vomiting, infection, trauma, or elevated blood sugar, and promptly check urine ketone values.
I. Blood glucose self-test
- Why do we need to test blood glucose by ourselves?
The blood glucose test may let you know whether your blood glucose is controlled within the normal range. Either your diet is insufficient, or over-exercise, or overdose of medications, you may feel general weakness, palpitation, or have cold sweating, at this time, 15 grams of sugary food should be taken immediately to increase your blood glucose. If you feel more severe thirsty, polyuria and fatigued than before, then you should check your blood glucose. The occurrence of high or low blood sugar indicates the need to redistribute the amount of food and exercise, you should ask your doctor whether to adjust the oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin dose. If the value of your blood glucose test always falls into normal range, it simply indicates that your blood glucose control is appropriate.
Symptoms of hypoglycemia:
(Image source: AI-generated)
cold sweat headache and dizziness termbling 
tired hunger palpitation
Symptoms of hyperglycemia:
(Image source: AI-generated)
thirty dry skin hunger 
frequent urination drowsy blurred vision - How do I test my blood sugar?
(Image source: AI-generated)steps procedure 1 Preparation of measurement tools: - blood glucose machines
- glucose test strips
- blood collection pen
- blood collection needle
- alcohol pad
- needle retriever
2 Place the needle into the pen and adjust the scale on the pen according to the thickness of the skin (the larger the number thedeeper the blood is taken). Then, disinfect the blood collection siteusing an alcohol swab.
3 Place the pen against the blood collection site and press the pen button to collcet blood.
4 The blood is taken at a 45 degree angle to the blood collection site, the blood glucose value is read and pressure is applied with alcoholswab to stop the bleeding.
5 The needles are collected in a hard-shelled jar with a sealed lid and taken to the hospital needle collection area for disposal on retumto the clinic.
- What is the timing and frequency for blood glucose test?
- If the blood glucose is stable, do the blood glucose test before breakfast and before bedtime at least once per week.
- If the blood glucose is not so stable, then it is necessary to conduct at least four times, i.e., before three meals and bedtime, per day.
- If consciously having sweating, hunger, dizziness and other uncomfortable symptoms, then it is necessary to conduct blood glucose immediately in order to verify high or low blood glucose levels.
- To conduct blood glucose test before breakfast, it is necessary to fast from midnight till the test time next morning. No food or beverage is allowed. A minimal amount of water is acceptable, if really thirsty.
- What is the normal value for blood glucose?
All these self-test results of blood glucose may serve as a reference for the doctors making treatments strategies(Treatment target should be tailored to the clinical condition of diabetes patients).
II.Urine ketones self-test
- Why do we need to test urine ketones by ourselves?
When insulin secretion deficiency leads to the failure of glucose entering the cells to provide energy, and lipolysis to formation of ketone bodies, ketone bodies may appear in urine i.e. urine ketones. Urine ketones is a sign of poorly controlled diabetes. - When to test urine ketones?
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Trauma, infections, surgical operation.
- Fasting blood glucose value in the morning above 250mg/dL or a random blood glucose value above 300mg/dL.
- How do I test urine ketones?
(Image source: AI-generated)step procedure 1 Urinate half an hour before the examination, then drink about 250ml of water and leavehalf a glass of urine in a urine cup after halfan hour.
2 Immerse the test strip into the urine for one second.
3 When removing the test strip,run it along the edge of the container to remove any excessurine.
4 Wait one minute to read the colour of the test paper.
III.Conclusion
Self-monitoring of blood glucose and urine ketones is an important tool for blood glucose control, as it allows for early detection and prevention of high and low blood glucose complications.
IV.References
-
黃郁倫、張美智、林靜茹（2024）。糖尿病患者居家自我血糖監測技術正確性之影響因素探討。健康管理學刊，22（1），15-28。
American Diabetes Association. (2024). Standards of care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care, 47(Supplement_1), S111-S125. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S006
Smith, A. R., & Thompson, G. (2025). Diabetic ketoacidosis screening: The role of ketone monitoring in home-based care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 81(2), 342-355.
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- Self-test for blood glucose and urine ketones
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- 2024-01-28 07:53:58
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- 2026-03-12 14:41:04
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- 2026-03-12