【Learning points】
  1. The transmission route of tuberculosis is airborne infection.
  2. The symptoms of tuberculosis are cough, night sweats and weight loss.
  3. When you sneeze, cough, and spit, cover your nose and mouth with toilet paper; burn or throw the toilet paper into a flush toilet to reduce the chance of contamination.
I.Transmission of tuberculosis:
When a patient with contagious pulmonary tuberculosis sneezes, coughs, or spits, droplets with pathogenic bacteria are sprayed from the mouth to air. Healthy people may have the opportunity to get infected and become sick when they inhale these particles.

II.What are the common symptoms of tuberculosis?

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III. How is tuberculosis diagnosed?   

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VI.Review of treatments and common drug side effects:

  1. When the sputum test shows a negative result after taking anti-TB drugs for two weeks, the disease becomes not contagious.
  2. Anti-TB drugs must be taken for at least six to nine months. The cure rate is almost 100% if the drugs had been taken correctly and without interruption.
  3. Not everyone has drug-related side effects.
  4. The color of the urine and body fluid may become orange.
  5. After taking anti-TB medicine for one to two weeks, some patients would have similar symptoms of common cold, such as nausea, poor appetite, elevated liver function, itchy skin, blurred vision, limbs numbness and joint swelling.

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 At this time, you can have small meals frequently,observe symptoms, or ask your doctor for help.

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V.Management of tuberculosis sputum:

 When you sneeze, cough, and spit, cover your nose and mouth with toilet paper; burn or throw the toilet paper into a flush toilet to reduce the chance of contamination.

 

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VI.Diet education for tuberculosis:

  1. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet.
  2. Drugs containing PZA would cause high serum uric acid level in the first 2 months of treatment. We suggest the following.
Suggest Avoid
(1)drinking 1500-2000ml of water
every day.
(2)have more fruits, vegetables, soy products and dairy products.

 

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(1)Sun-dried shiitake mushrooms and seaweed should not be excessive.
(2)beverages containing alcohol, chicken essence, and fructose-containing beverages.
(3)high-purine foods such as offal, red meat, fish and seafood.

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VII.Care of tuberculosis patient:

Period Precautions

early stage of high contagiousness

(1)Isolation ward:

  a.Caregivers and visitor   s are advised to wear   N95       masks.

  b.Visitors’ accesses are restricted.

 (2)When going to public places, you need to wear a medical surgical mask.

not contagious

Self-isolation at home:

(1)Wearing a medical surgical mask.
(2)Maintain home air circulation and optimize air     
    circulations of poorly  ventilated, dark and humid        workplaces or living environments.
(3)Patients are allowed to eat meals with his family but   
     should not sneeze directly in the foods.
(4)Smoking and drinking are prohibited.
(5)Quilts and clothes should be exposed to the sun     
    frequently.
 

 

VIII.Tuberculosis information for contacts:

Relatives and friends who live with the patient should cooperate with the health unit to receive chest X-ray or related examinations; contacts can also use the "Simple Tuberculosis Seven-Point Screening Method" for self-test: cough for two weeks (2 points), sputum (2 points), chest pain (1 point) loss of appetite (1 point), and loss (1 point). When the above symptoms reach 5 points or more, it is recommended to seek a medical examination as soon as possible for early diagnosis and treatment.

Tuberculosis Seven-Point Screening Method

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reach 5 points or more, it is recommended to seek medical!

IX.Tuberculosis during air travel:

The Ministry of Health and Welfare implements the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Article 58, Sect. 1, subparagraph 5 stipulates that "pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are registered and managed in the national tuberculosis patient database, and whose sputum smear test is positive for acid-fast bacteria are likely to be contagious." "Patients" are not allowed to leave the country (territory) by public aircraft with a single flight of more than eight hours.

 Restrictions can only be lifted after 14 days of direct observation and treatment (DOT) or when other evidence shows that there is no risk of infection. If you plan to travel by public aircraft, please discuss and confirm the travel with the public health administrator.

X.What is the Yellow Handbook:

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which could discount medical expenses when the doctor gives you a definite diagnosis of pulmonary TB.

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XI.Conclusion:

Tuberculosis can be effectively treated with regular and uninterrupted medication. Contacts can also follow the seven-point screening method and follow the guidance of health center personnel for inspection. It is very important to have good self-protection and good hygiene habits.

XII.Reference

  1. 王玉女、劉佩華、林素英、簡伊翎、謝旻瑾(2021)・提升入住負壓隔離病房肺結核病人護理指導之完整性・醫務管理期     刊,22(2),171-186。https://(2021),22(2),171-186 https:// doi.org/ 10.6174/JHM.202106_22(2).171
  2. 吳敏華、馮家諒、林雅美、張翠霞、蘇鈞卉、林青毅(2020).中部某區域醫院以TB培養方式分析結核分枝桿菌陽性率及抗      藥性.澄清醫護管理雜誌,16(3),23-28。https://(2020). TB.,16(3),23-28 https:// doi.org/ 10.30156/CCMJ
  3. 衛生福利部疾病管制署(2022,1月5日),結核病疾病介紹。       https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/Page/7j5JlWAmqm3nCFYLzQt0Ha
  4. Zhou, J., Lv, J., Carlson, C., Liu, H., Wang, H., Xu, T., Wu, F., Song, C., Wang, X., Wang, T., & Qian, Z. (2021). Trained         immunity contributes to the prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, a novel role of autophagy. Emerging           Microbes & Infections, 10(1), 578–588.

 

 

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    位置
    資料夾名稱
    English
    發表人
    李怡靜
    單位
    中榮護理衛教
    英文名稱
    Nursing and Prevention of Tuberculosis
    分類
    疾病
    科別
    胸腔內科
    癌症照護
    建立
    2024-01-23 20:55:11
    制訂日期
    2017-12-04
    最近修訂
    2024-03-19 11:52:00
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