A cataract means cloudy lens, and it makes the projected image on the retina blurred. 95% of cataracts developed from aging , and the others may be due to congenital diseases, trauma, or systemic diseases. Cataract surgery is the most effective intervention for cataracts.

1. Extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation(Figure 1): The procedure of cataract surgery is to remove the cloudy lens and, in most cases, replace it with an artificial lens. The size of the wound is bigger and requires suturing.
2. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (Figure 2): Your surgeon makes a tiny incision on the cornea. A needle-thin probe is then inserted into the lens where the cataract has formed. Your surgeon then uses the probe, which transmits ultrasound waves, to break up the cataract and suction out the fragments. Sutures for the incision wound isn’t always required because the wound is small.3.People who've had cataract surgery may develop a secondary cataract.The medical term for this common issue is known as posterior capsuleopacification(PCO). The back of the lens capsule becomes cloudy and impairs your vision. YAG laser treatment can be available for PCO.

1. After doctor’s interpretation and explanation: 

1. Do not rub the affected eye after surgery, wear aluminum eye shields to protect the eyes from accidental collision for at least one month after discharge. You can also wear glasses or goggles instead.
2. Cover the affected eye with eye pad when there’s exudate.
3. Clean secretions around the eyes with a sterile cotton swab (from the inside to the outside).
4. Prevent infection from water splashing into eyes within two weeks after surgery.
5. Do not sleep on the side of the affected eye.
6. Avoid smoking, drinking and eating spicy and/or hard food.
7. Avoid leaning forward, lifting heavy objects, and strenuous exercise within two months after surgery.
8. If there is persisted eye pain, massive and/or sticky ocular discharge, sudden severe eye pain, redness and swelling, or vision changes, please go to hospital without delay.
9. Follow the doctor's instructions for medication and eyedrops. Schedule follow up appointment to monitor the recovery.

1. 周桂如、徐淑芬、陳麗華（2020）．感覺功能失調疾病與護理．於王桂芸、劉雪娥、馮容芬總校訂，新編內外科護理學（第六版，17-41~17-47頁）．永大。 
2. Mayo Clinic. (2023, Sept. 09). Cataract surgery.https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cataract-surgery/about/pac-20384765
3. Moshirfar, M., Milner, D., & Patel, B. C. (2023). Cataract Surgery.In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.